As I see it, it doesn't have to be about anarchy specifically. You can apply this to all those things you believed when you were young. You used to think you could achieve anything, even "set the world on fire" because of your beliefs or discontents and change the system. As we grow up we get used to the things that used to bother us and wanted to change. So "don't you remember..." is a way of calling that young you and try to revive those feelings of unsettled, anxious, revolutionary teenager that wanted to change the world.
Sorry for the bad English.